Batabyal, T. | bioRxiv Science

bioRxiv2024

Stability from subspace rotations and traveling waves

Cortical activity shows the ability to recover from distractions. We analyzed neural activity from the prefrontal cortex (PFC) of monkeys performing working memory tasks with mid-memory-delay distractions (a cued gaze shift or an irrelevant visual input). After distraction there were state-space rotational dynamics that returned spiking to population patterns similar to those pre-disruption. In fact, rotations were fuller when the task was performed correctly versus when errors were made. We found a correspondence between state-space rotations and traveling waves across the surface of the PFC. This suggests a role for emergent dynamics like state-space rotations and traveling waves in recovery from distractions.

neuroscience↗

bioRxiv2022

A deep learning-based automated closed-loop optogenetic system for neuromodulation during seizures

Closed-loop electrical brain stimulation is becoming a popular technique proposed for use as a treatment alternative to surgical resection of brain tissue for drug-resistant seizures in epilepsy patients. Closed-loop optogenetic stimulation is an experimental alternative to electrical stimulation since it can stimulate or inhibit neurons. The closed-loop part contains an online seizure detection algorithm, which, based on the design, can detect the onset of a seizure or evaluate a running window for seizure membership. Conventional configurations of closed-loop optogenetics have several limitations, ranging from the adaptability of hardware-based implementation to inadequate, customized feature selection of seizures, among others. Here we provide a detailed description of our closed-loop components. We used a sequential, fully convolutional neural network regressor for complex feature selection of seizures against the controls from local field potential recordings. Our modular design kept the local field potential-recording headset and optical probe separate. The seizure detection and execution of light delivery are fast and can be precisely timed. This automated system is robust to noise, modular in design, flexible in use, and simple execution. When applied in vivo, the proposed work shows efficacy over the state of the arts in terms of improved seizure detection and reduction in false positives.

neuroscience↗