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Azofeifa Romero, Y.

Publications and source records attributed to Azofeifa Romero, Y..

2 recordsLinked to original sources

Diet and trophic niche partitioning of three aerial hawking bat species in Venezuela

Coexistence among Neotropical insectivorous bats (IB) that share roosts, foraging areas, and prey likely relies on processes promoting trophic niche divergence. We examined the diet and activity times of three coexisting IB species (Molossus molossus, Neoeptesicus furinalis, and Myotis nigricans) in Venezuelan rice fields in Northwestern Llanos to assess dietary and temporal overlap. Using published sources, we categorized prey by hardness and flight speed, bats by bite force and functional group, and examined the relationships among these variables. IB species showed differences in prey composition, type, and activity timing. As expected from its fast flight and strong bite, M. molossus diet consisted primarily of fast-flying, highly sclerotized insects, with activity times peaking significantly earlier than in the other two bat species. In contrast, M. nigricans and N. furinalis had diets consisting primarily of slower-flying prey and showed high temporal overlap in activity, although with different peak foraging times. Notably, N. furinaliss stronger bite may have enabled it to exploit more sclerotized prey than M. nigricans, despite similar flight capabilities--indicating that prey hardness helps reduce dietary overlap. These findings suggest that fine-scale trophic niche partitioning, enhanced by the rich insect fauna of rice fields, facilitates the coexistence of these ecomorphologically distinct IB species. Flexibilidad trofica favorece la coexistencia de tres especies de murcielagos cazadores aereos en cultivos de arroz de Venezuela. Teaser TextWe simultaneously identified prey items in feces and measured the activity times of three aerial-hawking bat species in Neotropical rice fields. We then explored the relationships between these variables and the functional traits of both prey and predators, confirming that coexistence might be facilitated by highly productive environments. RESUMENLa coexistencia entre murcielagos insectivoros (MI) neotropicales que comparten refugios, areas de forrajeo y presas probablemente depende de procesos que promueven la divergencia del nicho trofico. Examinamos la dieta y los tiempos de actividad de tres especies coexistentes de MI (Molossus molossus, Neoeptesicus furinalis y Myotis nigricans) en arrozales de los Llanos Noroccidentales de Venezuela para evaluar superposicion dietaria y temporal. Utilizando publicaciones, categorizamos a las presas segun su dureza y velocidad de vuelo, a los murcielagos segun su fuerza de mordida y grupo funcional, y examinamos las relaciones entre estas variables. Las especies de MI mostraron diferencias en la composicion, tipo de presas y tiempo de actividad. Como se esperaba por su vuelo rapido y mordida fuerte, la dieta de M. molossus consistio principalmente en insectos de vuelo rapido y esclerotizacion alta, con tiempos de actividad que alcanzaron un maximo significativamente antes que en las otras dos especies de murcielagos. En contraste, M. nigricans and N. furinalis tuvieron dietas que consistieron principalmente en presas de vuelo lento que mostraron una alta superposicion temporal en la actividad, aunque con distintos tiempos de forrajeo maximo. Cabe destacar que la mordida mas fuerte de N. furinalis pudo haberle permitido explotar presas mas esclerotizadas que M. nigricans, a pesar de sus capacidades de vuelo similares, lo que indica que la dureza de las presas ayuda a reducir la superposicion dietaria. Estos hallazgos sugieren que una particion fina del nicho trofico, facilitada por la rica fauna de insectos en los cultivos de arroz, promueve la coexistencia de estas especies de MI ecomorfologicamente distintas. Palabras clavecultivos, humedales artificiales, metabarcoding, murcielagos insectivoros, tiempo de actividad.

ecology↗

The opossum and other didelphids in the cultures of Costa Rican society and indigenous peoples: an approach to ecology and conservation

The opossum Didelphis marsupialis, commonly referred to as the zorro pelon in Costa Rica, is a marsupial that holds significant representation in both Costa Rican and indigenous cultures, such as the Talamanca natives. This species, along with the other ten opossums found in Costa Rica, constitute one of the groups of mammals with the least representation in scientific literature. This study aims to (1) document the knowledge, uses, perceptions, and human-zorro pelon interactions through surveys conducted with individuals in three types of zones: rural, semi-urban, and urban; and (2) explore the presence of opossums in the 19th-century worldview of farmers and in the cosmovision of indigenous peoples. We performed an analysis on the text and Likert-scale data collected from 296 surveys conducted across seven provinces in Costa Rica. Nonparametric tests were conducted to assess whether the type of zone influenced the interactions and perceptions of individuals. Valuable information was obtained from key participants and informants regarding the behavior, observation sites, diet, and population trends of the species. The remarkable adaptability of the zorro pelon is evident in rural and semi-urban environments, but not in urban zones. The human-zorro pelon interaction data between the rural and semi-urban zones are similar, but these differ significantly from the urban zone. Although people surveyed generally have a positive perception of the opossum, there has been a notable devaluation over time when compared to the imaginary of indigenous cultures. Parallels were observed in the beliefs and uses of marsupials between pre-Columbian societies and contemporary Costa Rican societies. As part of the educational strategies for the conservation of marsupials, it is important to promote their appreciation and refute negative stereotypes, such as by informing about their ecological role and their ability to resist pathogens and venom. In this context, the rich symbolism of the opossum can be utilized to adapt the message to the various regions of America.

ecology↗