Biology subjects

Athanasiadis, P.

Publications and source records attributed to Athanasiadis, P..

3 recordsLinked to original sources

bioRxiv2022

Discovery of host-directed modulators of virus infection by probing the SARSCoV-2-host protein-protein interaction network

The ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has highlighted the need to better understand virus-host interactions. We developed a network-based algorithm that expands the SARS-CoV-2-host protein interaction network and identifies host targets that modulate viral infection. To disrupt the SARS-CoV-2 interactome, we systematically probed for potent compounds that selectively target the identified host proteins with high expression in cells relevant to COVID-19. We experimentally tested seven chemical inhibitors of the identified host proteins for modulation of SARS-CoV-2 infection in human cells that express ACE2 and TMPRSS2. Inhibition of the epigenetic regulators bromodomain-containing protein 4 (BRD4) and histone deacetylase 2 (HDAC2), along with ubiquitin specific peptidase (USP10), enhanced SARS-CoV-2 infection. Such proviral effect was observed upon treatment with compounds JQ1, vorinostat, romidepsin, and spautin-1, when measured by cytopathic effect and validated by viral RNA assays, suggesting that HDAC2, BRD4 and USP10 host proteins have antiviral functions. Mycophenolic acid and merimepodib, two inhibitors of inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMPDH 1 and IMPDH 2), showed modest antiviral effects with no toxicity in mock-infected control cells. The network-based approach enables systematic identification of host-targets that selectively modulate the SARS-CoV-2 interactome, as well as reveal novel chemical tools to probe virus-host interactions that regulate virus infection. Synopsis O_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=200 HEIGHT=80 SRC="FIGDIR/small/494640v1_ufig1.gif" ALT="Figure 1"> View larger version (31K): org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@653d14org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@8d1234org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1a632faorg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@5ce4f6_HPS_FORMAT_FIGEXP M_FIG C_FIG Viruses exploit host machinery and therefore it is important to understand the virus-host dependencies to gain better insight of the key regulators of viral infection. O_LIUsing a context-specific SARS-COV-2 PPI network, a computational framework was developed to identify host modulators of viral infection. C_LIO_LIChromatin modifying host proteins HDAC2 and BRD4, along with deubiquitinating enzyme USP10, act as antiviral proteins. C_LIO_LIIMPDH inhibitors mycophenolic acid and merimipodib showed modest antiviral response to SARS-COV-2 infection, and no toxic effects. C_LIO_LICell context specificity is a critical factor when identifying selective modulators of viral infection and potential antiviral therapeutics. C_LIO_LITopology-based network models cannot distinguish between host-proteins, the inhibition of which leads to either virus suppressive or enhancing effects. C_LI

systems biology↗

bioRxiv2022

Functional testing of PI3K inhibitors stratifies responders to idelalisib and identifies treatment vulnerabilities in idelalisib-refractory/intolerant chronic lymphocytic leukemia

PurposePhosphatidylinositol 3-kinase inhibitors (PI3Ki) are approved for relapsed chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). While patients may show an initial response, development of treatment intolerance or resistance remains a clinically challenging. Prediction of individual treatment responses based on clinically actionable biomarkers is needed to overcome these challenges. Here, we investigated whether ex vivo functional responses to targeted therapies can stratify responders to idelalisib and guide precision medicine in CLL. Experimental designCLL cells from treatment naive, idelalisib-responding, and idelalisib-refractory/intolerant patients (n=33 in total) were profiled against ten PI3Ki and the Bcl-2 antagonist venetoclax. Cell signaling and immune phenotypes were analyzed by flow cytometry. Cell viability was monitored by detection of cleaved caspase-3 and the CellTiter-Glo assay. ResultsAmong the ten PI3Ki studied, pan-PI3Ki were most effective at inhibiting PI3K signaling and cell viability, and they showed activity also in CLL cells from idelalisib-refractory/intolerant patients. The pan-PI3Ki copanlisib, but not the p110{delta} inhibitor idelalisib, inhibited PI3K signaling in CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in addition to CD19+ B cells, while it did not significantly affect T cell numbers. Combination treatment with a PI3Ki and venetoclax resulted in synergistic induction of apoptosis. Based on ex vivo drug sensitivity testing, a relapsed CLL patient was treated with idelalisib plus venetoclax, and the patient achieved a partial response. A more systematic analysis revealed that CLL cells from patients with a long-term response to idelalisib showed significantly higher drug sensitivities to 73 drug combinations at baseline compared to short-term responders. ConclusionsOur findings suggest novel treatment vulnerabilities in idelalisib-refractory/intolerant CLL, and demonstrate that ex vivo functional profiling may guide precision medicine and predict treatment responses of individual CLL patients. TRANSLATIONAL RELEVANCEThe phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase inhibitors (PI3Ki) idelalisib and duvelisib are approved for relapsed chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), but their use has been limited by severe toxicity and acquired resistance. Identification of biomarkers that predict individual treatment responses, as well as alternative treatment vulnerabilities in PI3Ki refractory/intolerant patients, is needed to optimally tailor CLL therapy. We performed functional analyses of CLL cells from treatment naive, idelalisib-responding and idelalisib-refractory/intolerant patients to identify clinically actionable biomarkers. We show that CLL cells from idelalisib-refractory/intolerant patients remain sensitive to pan-PI3Ki and PI3Ki plus venetoclax combinations. Ex vivo drug sensitivity testing was used to guide treatment of a relapsed CLL patient who obtained a partial response after idelalisib plus venetoclax therapy. A systematic analysis of drug sensitivities to 73 drug combinations stratified responders to idelalisib using baseline samples from short-term and long-term responders to idelalisib. Our study demonstrates the power of functional precision medicine in relapsed CLL.

cancer biology↗

bioRxiv2020

Optimized chemogenomic library design strategies for precision oncology

Designing a focused compound screening library of bioactive small molecules is a challenging task since many compounds modulate their effects through multiple protein targets with various degrees of potency and selectivity. We describe here several analytic procedures with adjustable cut-off parameters that enable one to design anticancer target-focused compound libraries optimized for library size, cellular activity, biological and chemical diversity and target selectivity. Even though our focus was on designing compound libraries to enable a comprehensive investigation of the target biology of glioblastoma (GBM), the compound collections cover a wide range of protein targets and biological pathways implicated in various types of cancers, making the libraries widely applicable in precision oncology studies. We published the final screening set library, called the Comprehensive anti-Cancer small-Compound Library, or C3L.We hope these general library design principles and the current, widely annotated small molecule libraries will prove useful for the community in various phenotypic screening experiments in GBM and other cancers.

cancer biology↗