The Role of Human Platelet-Rich Plasma to Enhance the Differentiation from Adipose derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells into Cardiomyocyte: An Experimental Study
BackgroundAdipose derived mesenchymal stem cells (AMSCs) offer great potential to differentiate into cardiomyocyte. However, the optimal method to maximize the proliferation and differentiation is challenging. Platelet rich plasma (PRP) which contains high levels of diverse growth factors that can stimulate stem cell proliferation and differentiation in the context of cardiac tissue regeneration ObjectiveTo analyze the effect of PRP administration on the AMSCs differentiation into cardiomyocyte and compare to the group without PRP administration. MethodsThis study is a true experimental randomized post-test design study. AMSCs were isolated from adipose tissues and cultured until 4 passages. The samples were divided into 3 groups, i.e. negative control (-MEM), positive control (differentiation medium), and treatment group (PRP). The assessment of GATA-4 marker expression was conducted using flowcytometry on the fifth day and cTnT was conducted using immunocytochemistry on the tenth day to determine the differentiation to cardiomyocyte. Data analysis was conducted using T-test and One-Way ANOVA on normally distributed data determined through Shapiro Wilk test. ResultsFlowcytometry on GATA-4 expression revealed significant improvement on PRP group compared to negative and positive controls (67.04 {+/-} 4.49 vs 58.15 {+/-} 1.23 p < 0.05; 67.04 {+/-} 4.49 vs 52.96 {+/-} 2.02 p < 0.05). This was supported by the results of immunocytochemistry on troponin expression which revealed significant improvement on PRP group compared to negative and positive controls (38.13 {+/-} 5.2 vs 10.73 {+/-} 2.39 p < 0.05; 38.13 {+/-} 5.2 vs 26.00 {+/-} 0.4 p < 0.05). This was concordant to the hypothesis which stated that there was an effect of PRP administration on AMSCs differentiation into cardiomyocyte. ConclusionPRP administration on AMSCs culture significantly improve the differentiation to cardiomyocyte measured by GATA-4 and cTnT expressions.