Andreassen, A. H. | bioRxiv Science

bioRxiv2022

Water salinity does not affect acute thermal tolerance (CTmax) in zebrafish (Danio rerio)

Tolerance against acute warming is an essential trait that can determine how organisms cope during heatwaves, yet the mechanisms underlying it remain elusive. Water salinity has previously been shown to modulate thermal tolerance and may therefore provide clues towards these limiting mechanisms. Here we tested whether short (2 hours) and long (10 days) term exposure to different water salinities (0-5 ppt) affected acute thermal tolerance in zebrafish (N=269). We found that water salinity did not affect the thermal tolerance of zebrafish at either time point, indicating that salinity does not affect the mechanism limiting acute thermal tolerance limits in zebrafish. We did, however, observe unexpected behaviour during the CTmax test in a subset of fish in the highest salinity treatment after 10 days (3 ppt), indicating some form of salinity-driven disturbance during warming.

physiology↗

bioRxiv2020

Neural dysfunction at the upper thermal limit in the zebrafish

Understanding the physiological mechanisms that limit animal thermal tolerance is crucial in predicting how animals will respond to increasingly severe heatwaves. Despite its importance for understanding climate change impacts, these mechanisms underlying the upper thermal tolerance limits of animals are largely unknown. It has been hypothesised that the upper thermal tolerance in fish is limited by the thermal tolerance of the brain and that it is ultimately caused by a global brain depolarization. In this study, we developed methods for measuring the upper thermal limit (CTmax) in larval zebrafish (Danio rerio) with simultaneous recordings of brain activity using GCaMP6s calcium imaging in both free-swimming and agar-embedded fish. We discovered that during warming, CTmax precedes, and is therefore not caused by, a global brain depolarization. Instead, the CTmax coincides with a decline in spontaneous neural activity and a loss of neural response to visual stimuli. By manipulating water oxygen levels, we found that oxygen availability during heating affects both locomotor-related neural activity, the neural response to visual stimuli, and CTmax. Our results suggest that the mechanism limiting the upper thermal tolerance in zebrafish larvae is reduced oxygen availability causing impaired brain function.

neuroscience↗