Biology subjects

Alibert, O.

Publications and source records attributed to Alibert, O..

3 recordsLinked to original sources

bioRxiv2024

Restriction on Ku's Inward Translocation Caps Telomere Ends

Safeguarding chromosome ends against fusions via nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ) is essential for preserving genome integrity. Paradoxically, the conserved NHEJ core factor Ku binds telomere ends. How it is prevented from promoting NHEJ remains unclear, as does the mechanism that allows Ku to coexist with telomere-protective DNA binding proteins, e.g., Rap1 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Here, we reveal a direct role for Rap1 in the inhibition of Kus NHEJ function at telomeres. A single Rap1 molecule bound near a DNA end inhibits NHEJ in vivo without disrupting Ku presence. Consistent with this, Rap1 and Ku form a complex on short DNA duplexes in vitro. Cryo-EM and molecular modelling analysis of this complex shows that Rap1 obstructs Kus inward translocation on DNA - an essential step for NHEJ at broken ends. Nanopore sequencing of telomere fusions confirms the importance of this pathway in protecting native telomere ends. Collectively, our findings uncover a mechanism of telomere end protection mediated by restricting Kus inward translocation, a functional switch that prevents promiscuous NHEJ repair at telomeres.

molecular biology↗

bioRxiv2022

Oct4 interacts with subnucleosomal particles generated by Brg1 at enhancers

BRG1, the catalytic subunit of the mammalian SWI/SNF complexes, is essential for chromatin opening at enhancers. However, the nature of the open chromatin remains unclear. Here we show that in addition to producing histone-free DNA, BRG1 generates hemisome-like subnucleosomal particles containing the four core histones associated with 50-80 base pairs of DNA. Our genome-wide analysis indicates that BRG1 makes these particles by targeting and splitting fragile nucleosomes. In mouse embryonic stem cells, these subnucleosomes become an in vivo binding substrate for the master transcription factor OCT4 independently of the presence of OCT4 DNA motifs. At enhancers, the OCT4-subnucleosome interaction increases OCT4 occupancy and amplifies the genomic interval bound by OCT4 by up to one order of magnitude, compared to the region occupied on histone-free DNA. We suggest that BRG1-dependent subnucleosomes orchestrate an epigenetic mechanism that projects OCT4 function in chromatin opening beyond its DNA motifs.

genomics↗

bioRxiv2021

A New Assay Capturing Chromosome Fusions Shows a Protection Trade-off at Telomeres and NHEJ Vulnerability to Low Density Ionising Radiation

Chromosome fusions threaten genome integrity and promote cancer by engaging catastrophic mutational processes, namely chromosome breakage-fusion-bridge cycles and chromothripsis. Chromosome fusions are frequent in cells incurring telomere dysfunctions or those exposed to DNA breakage. Their occurrence and therefore their contribution to genome instability in unchallenged cells is unknown. To address this issue, we constructed a genetic assay able to capture and quantify rare chromosome fusions in budding yeast. This chromosome fusion capture assay (CFC) relies on the controlled inactivation of one centromere to rescue unstable dicentric chromosome fusions. It is sensitive enough to quantify the basal rate of end-to-end chromosome fusions occurring in wild-type cells. These fusions depend on canonical nonhomologous end-joining (NHEJ). Our results show that chromosome end protection results from a trade-off at telomeres between positive effectors (Rif2, Sir4, telomerase) and a negative effector partially antagonizing them (Rif1). The CFC assay also captures NHEJ-dependent chromosome fusions induced by ionising radiation. It provides evidence for chromosomal rearrangements stemming from a single photon-matter interaction.

molecular biology↗