Mutations in bdcA and valS correlate with quinolone resistance in wastewater Escherichia Coli
Single mutations can confer resistance to antibiotics. Identifying such mutations can help to develop and improve drugs. Here, we systematically screen for candidate quinolone resistance-conferring mutations. We sequenced highly diverse wastewater E. coli and performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) correlating over 200,000 mutations against quinolone resistance phenotypes. We uncovered 13 statistically significant mutations including one located at the active site of the biofilm dispersal genes bdcA and six silent mutations in the aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase valS. The study also recovered the known mutations in the topoisomerases gyrA and parC. In summary, we demonstrate that GWAS effectively and comprehensively identifies resistance mutations without a priori knowledge of targets and mode of action. The results suggest that bdcA and valS may be novel resistance genes with biofilm dispersal and translation as novel resistance mechanisms.