Biology subjects

Admas, A.

Publications and source records attributed to Admas, A..

6 recordsLinked to original sources

bioRxiv2020

Develope Micro clonal-propagation protocol for Oxytenanthera abyssinica A. Rich. Munro to large scale micro-propagation

In Ethiopia, Oxytenanthera abyssinica A.Rich. Munro has varies economic importance. However, conventional propagation methods of O. abyssinica are generally inefficient due to their low multiplication rate, time consuming, labor intensive, and too costly. The objective of this study was to develop a protocol for mass micropropagation of O. abyssinica through seed culture. Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium augmented with 6-Benzylaminopurine (BAP) was used for shoot initiation and multiplication. For in vitro rooting, MS medium supplemented with 3-Indole -butric acid (IBA) was used. In shoot initiation experiment all viable seeds were proliferated in 5-7 days of culturing. In shoot multiplication at 0.004 g/L BAP was Sucssefuly shoot multiplied, also best root responding were found at 0.005 g/l IBA. The present optimized protocol enables for any acters who needs large numbers of low land bamboo seedling for industery, small and micro enterprize or for reafforestation programms.

plant biology↗

bioRxiv2020

Clonal propagation of Osyris lanceolata through air layering at Bazawit Hill, Northern Ethiopia. An Endangered, Medicinal and sandal wood Plant in East Africa

In the recent years medicinal and other economical important plants are getting attention due to the presence of therapeutically important active contents; however over exploitation and propagation problems are the major concern for conservation of several econmically important plant species. Among economical imprortant plants an attempt has been made to develop a propagation method for African sandalwood (Osyris lanceolata) by air layering approach aiming at providing an alternative propagation technique to the use of seeds or cuttings that germinate or root poorly. Air layers were applied root hormone to the stem branches of Osyris lanceolata (still attached to the plant) during Novmbere 2019, at Bazawit Hill, Nothern Ethiopia at edge of Blue-Nile River from its source at Lake Tana. Root initiation were starts after 12 weeks of the experments.The factors assessed in this experiment were the effect IBA as rooting promoter at three concentrations (0,50, 100 and 150 ppm). From the data collected it was observed 88.8% rooting were achieved from air layers in the mother plants it selef those treated by IBA hormone and the controls not responding root.Making this propagation technique is a viable alternative to the use of seed or cutting propagation. Rooting response success were influenced by application of rooting hormone of IBA, soil composition and the seasons. At a rate of 150 ppm 100% all expermented plants were intiated and primarly other than other treatmeants responded root. The significance enhancing of root making on Osyris lanceolata plants stem via air layers is linked to the advantage of more rooting hormone concentartion.

cell biology↗

bioRxiv2020

Controlling water hyacinth infestation in Lake Tana using fungal pathogen from Laboratory level up to pilot scale

Water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) is one of the most dangerous aquatic weeds for Lake Tana and other water body in Ethiopia. To reduce its invasion biological, chemical and physical control methods can be used. Use of natural biological enemies of the weed to discourage its propagation is one of the best recommended options by scientfic society. Among them, there are more fungi naturally a pathogen for water hyacinth and other plants. To use those patogenes to manage water hyacinth infestation in Lake Tana infected plant material by fungi were collected from three weredas (Amba Gyorgese, Dabat and Debarke) around Gondar at 20 Peasant associations (PAs) since Novmber 2015. The collection was done from infected Faba bean leaves and roots. All isolated fungus was attempted to infect the collected healthy water hyacinth in laboratory and green house. Among isolated fungus species Rhizoctonia solani, Aspergillus flatus, Tricothcium roseum, Fusarium spp and Aspergillus niger fungi show high moderate disease severity on the healthy water hyacinth at temporarey green house and laboratory. Disease severity scale was recorded using modified NAHEMA et al. (200). By following those experiments to show its efficiency, the effective pathogens on laboratory and green house were released to 16 m2 open ponds since September 2016, in University of Gondar. In this study, we have recorded scientific data that shows the fungi were high potencial to attack healthy water hyacinth at above 26 oc and at less than 25 % humidity. From this research also we have observed the most infected water hyacinth by fungi have not produced flower and it can not re generate by seed in the next propagation sesaon.Finally, before directly release the fungi on Lake Tana its impacts were studied in the Goregora, at Kuame Michel kebela for a year in open ponds and in controlled wet land areas that not linked to the Lake by taking some common aquatic plants and fish from the Lake. Fortunatelly, those fungi have not impact on aquatic plant like Echinochloa and Cyperus papyrus grass, water quality and fish.

microbiology↗

bioRxiv2019

Detection for suspected Genetically Modified Maize and Soybean crops in the selected places of Ethiopia using PCR machine

Detection of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) in crops is an important issue for all the subjects involved in seed quality control and customers right. Due to the increasing number of GMOs research and development activity in the globe during the past few years, it has become necessary to screen and regulate highely practiced GMO crops. In this study, following the extraction of genomic DNA from agriculture farming land and commercial areas collected samples that suspected for GMOs such as Soybean and maize crops, the recombinant DNA target sequences were targeted to detect for transgene such as CaMV35s gene using thermal cycler Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). In addition, for positive control taxone specfic Invertase and Lectine gene of maize and soybean have done. Based on the gel electrophoresis results, Invertase and Lectine gene events were detected in all maize and soybean samples respectively. How ever, fortunately in all collected samples of maize and soybean in different places of the countery trans-genes were not detected. Finally, this reserch result concludes that in the studied area soybean and maize crops are GMO free.

molecular biology↗

bioRxiv2019

Isolation and characterization of toxic Cyanobacterial Communities distribution in Lake Tana, Amhara Regional state, Ethiopia

Lake Tana is the second largest lake next to Victoria Lake in Africa. This Lake is exsposed to agriculture run off, industrial and Urban waste since it has not buffer zone to protect any invading materials to the water body. The accumulation and growth of blue-green algae in water body call public attention because of its health concern. Some cyanobacterial species produce toxin microcystins and anatoxin molecules can affect the liver, kideney and nervous system of animals because the toxic molecules of released from some toxic cyanobacteria may lead the organs to fail the metabolice system. The major exposure pathways of these toxins are through drinking water and recreations including swimming. In addition, these problems happen through food web. Those cyanobacteriaa are spread and growth in diffrent water body via agriculture run off, industrial and urban wastes and other nutrient source of N and P. The main goal of this scientific study was to assess the distribution of potential toxic cyanobacteria in Lake Tana. Cyano bacterial distributions were studied in different water bodies of Lake Tana. From the water bodies that have visible algal blooms and not observed algal blooms were investigated. Identification of cyano bacteria was conducted using microscope by following appropriate procedures. In the present studied area Anabaena sp, Nostoc sp., Chlorella sp., and Microcystis aeruginosa sp. were dominantly exist. Therefore, Maybe the numbers of fishe depleted in Lake Tana due to the presence of microcystine molcule source, those are Anabaena sp.,Nostoc sp. and Microcystis aeruginosa sp.

microbiology↗

bioRxiv2019

Therapeutic Challenges of Multidrug Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii in Eastern Africa

Acinetobacter baumannii, an opportunistic gram negative bacterium, is known to emerge as a major health threat in Eastern Africa. Clinical isolates exhibit resistance to carbapenems and most or all available antibiotics. This review is intended to present concerns about resistance and therapeutic challenges of multi drug resistance Acinetobacter baumannii in Eastern Africa. Data was obtained from PubMed and Google scholar, and from free goggle access and web Medline for facts about Acinetobacter baumannii and its resistance pattern. Moreover, Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) flow chart was used to guide the selection of study materials. Total of 98 articles identified, 13 fit the criteria and were included for the final analysis. In East Africa the overall prevalence of Acinetobacter baumannii was 4.95%, while the overall rate of multi drug resistance, carbapenem and pan resistance was 87.3%, 64.8% and 25.2% respectively. Colistin resurges as potential therapeutic options to overcome the lack of new antibiotic treatment of Acinetobacter baumannii. There needs a collaborative effort in researches targeted for Acinetobacter baumannii treatment and respond for call of "Research and Development of new antibiotics" to control its damning impact.

microbiology↗