Actis, A. B. | bioRxiv Science

bioRxiv2022

Dietary fatty acids modulate the endocannabinoid system in rat submandibular gland

The aim of this study was to analyze the influence of dietary fatty acids on endocannabinoid system components in rat submandibular gland. 15 male Wistar rats were fed on commercial diet until the 8th week of life. They were then divided into three dietary groups: Control, continuing with chow diet, and two experimental groups receiving for 30 days a diet containing corn oil or chia oil as lipid source (7%). At that time, animals were sacrificed and salivary glands obtained. Anandamide and 2-arachidonylglycerol endogenous ligands (high performance liquid chromatography) and cannabinoid receptors CB1 and CB2 (immunofluorescence) were quantified. Fatty acid amide hydrolase enzyme activity was analyzed (spectrophotometry). Kruskal Wallis test was applied. 2-Arachidonylglycerol was higher in Corn oil group than in Control and Chia oil groups. The greatest CB1 and the lowest CB2 receptor positively-marked area percentage were found in Corn oil and in Chia oil, respectively. Fatty acid amide hydrolase enzyme activity was higher in Corn oil than in Chia oil. 18:2 n-6 (Corn oil) and 18:3 n-3 (Chia oil) dietary fatty acids modulate endocannabinoid system components in rat submandibular gland, what would have influence on salivary secretion. Dietary n-3 fatty acid could be useful in salivary dysfunctions.

pathology↗

bioRxiv2022

Salivary Proinflammatory Cytokines IL-1β, IL-6 And TNF Decrease With Age.

Objectiveto analyze salivary concentrations interleukin-1{beta} (IL-1{beta}), 6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) according to age in healthy subjects to determine baseline inflammatory state of the oral mucosa in elderly subjects, who are at higher risk of developing inflammation-related diseases. Materials and methodssixty-four healthy volunteers were divided into groups according to age: 20-39 (G1; n=20); 40-59 (G2; n=24); 60-80 years (G3; n=20). Their stomatognathic system and periodontal status were assessed; consumption of food sources of fatty acids (FA) was evaluated using a validated food frequency questionnaire. IL-1{beta}, IL-6, and TNF salivary levels were determined (ELISA) in mixed unstimulated saliva. Kruskal Wallis and Spearmans correlation tests were applied (p<0.05). Resultssalivary IL-1{beta} and TNF levels were lower in G2 (p=0.001) and G3 (p<0.001) than in G1; IL-6 levels were lower in G3 than in G2 and G1 (p= <0.001). IL-1{beta} showed the highest concentration in all groups (p<0.001). No statistically significant differences in salivary cytokine levels were observed on sex in any of the groups. Associations were observed between salivary cytokines and consumption of some foods containing FA. Conclusionsalivary concentration of proinflammatory cytokines decreased with age. It could be influenced by ageing-related changes. In addtition, the baseline inflammatory state of the oral mucosa would appear to be influenced by dietary intake of sources of anti-inflammatory FA. Clinical relevancethe knowledge about inflammatory state of the oral mucosa, as determined by salivary cytokine concentrations, could be useful for understanding and prevention of developing inflammation-related diseases.

pathology↗